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Alphabetic character of the Latin alphabet

This article is about the Latin script letter. For the voiceless palatal fricative represented by ç in the IPA, meet Voiceless palatal fricative.

Ç
Ç ç
(See below)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic and Logographic
Language of origin	Onetime Castilian language
Phonetic usage	[s] [t͡ʃ] [d͡ʒ] [t͡s] [d͡z] [ç] [ɽ] [ǂ] [θ] [ð]
Unicode codepoint	U+00C7, U+00E7
History
Development	Ζ ζ 𐌆 Z z Ꝣ ꝣ Ç ç
Time catamenia	~900 to present
Descendants	None
Sisters	None
Transliteration equivalents	ch, c, s, ts
Variations	(See below)
Other
Other letters unremarkably used with	c, ch, s, ts
This commodity contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Assist:IPA. For the distinction betwixt [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, encounter IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Ç or ç (C-cedilla) is a Latin script letter of the alphabet, used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, Manx, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish, Zazaki, and Romance alphabets. Romance languages that employ this letter include Catalan, French, Friulian, Ligurian, Occitan, and Portuguese every bit a variant of the letter of the alphabet C with a cedilla. It is also occasionally used in Crimean Tatar and in Tajik (when written in the Latin script) to represent the /d͡ʒ/ sound. Information technology is oft retained in the spelling of loanwords from whatever of these languages in English, Basque, Dutch, Spanish and other Latin script spelled languages.

Information technology was first used for the sound of the voiceless alveolar affricate /t͡s/ in Onetime Spanish and stems from the Visigothic form of the letter z (Ꝣ). The phoneme originated in Vulgar Latin from the palatalization of the plosives /t/ and /k/ in some conditions. Later, /t͡s/ changed into /s/ in many Romance languages and dialects. Spanish has not used the symbol since an orthographic reform in the 18th century (which replaced ç with the now-devoiced z), but it was adopted for writing other languages.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, /ç/ represents the voiceless palatal fricative.

Usage every bit a alphabetic character variant in various languages [edit]

Evolution from Visigoth Z to modern Ç.

In many languages, ⟨ç⟩ represents the "soft" audio /s/ where a ⟨c⟩ would commonly represent the "hard" sound /k/. These include:

• Catalan. Known as ce trencada ('broken C') in this language, where it tin be used before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or at the terminate of a discussion. Some examples of words with ⟨ç⟩ are amenaça ('menace'), torçat ('twisted'), xoriço ('chorizo'), forçut ('potent'), dolç ('sugariness') and caça ('hunting'). A well-known word with this grapheme is Barça, a mutual Catalan clipping of Futbol Social club Barcelona.
• French (cé cédille): français ('French'), garçon ('boy'), façade ('frontage'), grinçant ('squeaking'), leçon ('lesson'), reçu ('received' [by participle]). French does non utilize the character at the cease of a word but it can occur at the beginning of a word (e.one thousand., ça, 'that').^[1] It is never used in French where C would announce /s/.
• Occitan (ce cedilha): torçut ('twisted'), çò ('this'), ça que la ('nevertheless'), braç ('arm'), brèç ('cradle'), voraç ('voracious'). It can occur at the beginning of a give-and-take.
• Portuguese (cê-cedilha, cê de cedilha or cê cedilhado): it is used earlier ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩: taça ('cup'), braço ('arm'), açúcar ('sugar'). Modern Portuguese does not use the character at the showtime or at the end of a word (the nickname for Conceição is São, not Ção). According to a Portuguese grammer written in 1550, the letter of the alphabet ç had the audio of /dz/ around that time. Another grammer written around 1700 would say that the letter ç sounds like /due south/, which shows a phonetic development that is still valid today.
• Old Spanish used ç to represent /t͡s/ earlier /a/, /o/, /u/. It also represented /d͡z/ allophonically when it occurred earlier a voiced consonant.
• Early Modern Spanish used the letter ç to represent either /θ/ or /due south/ before /a/, /o/, and /u/ in much the same way every bit Modernistic Spanish uses the letter z. Centre Spanish Castilian pronounced ç as /θ/, or as /ð/ before a voiced consonant. Andalusian, Canarian, and Latin American Spanish pronounced ç equally /s/, or equally /z/ before a voiced consonant. A spelling reform in the 18th century eliminated ç from Spanish orthography.

In other languages, it represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/ (similar ⟨ch⟩ in English language chalk):

• Friulian (c cun cedilie) before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or at the end of a discussion.
• Turkish and Azerbaijani cluster alphabets: çelik ('steel') and çamur ('mud').

In Manx, information technology is used in the digraph ⟨çh⟩, which also represents /t͡ʃ/, to differentiate it from normal ⟨ch⟩, which represents /x/.

In loanwords just [edit]

• In Basque, ⟨ç⟩ (known every bit ze hautsia) is used in the loanword curaçao.
• In Dutch, it tin can exist found in some words from French and Portuguese, such as façade, reçu, Provençaals and Curaçao.
• In English, ⟨ç⟩ is used in loanwords such every bit façade and limaçon (although the cedilla mark is often dropped: ⟨facade⟩, ⟨limacon⟩).
• In modern Spanish it can appear in loanwords, especially in Catalan proper nouns.

Usage every bit a dissever letter in various languages [edit]

It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/ in the following languages:

• the 4th alphabetic character of the Albanian alphabet.
• the fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet.
• the 5th letter of the Tatar alphabet (based on Zamanälif).
• the 4th letter of the Turkish alphabet.
• the 3rd letter of the Turkmen alphabet.
• the 4th letter of the Kurmanji alphabet (also known as Northern Kurdish).
• the 4th letter of the Zazaki alphabet.

In the 2020 version of the Latin Kazakh Alphabet, the letter represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /tɕ/, which is similar to /t͡ʃ/.

It previously represented a voiceless palatal click /ǂ/ in Juǀʼhoansi and Naro, though the quondam has replaced it with ⟨ǂ⟩ and the latter with ⟨tc⟩.

The similarly shaped letter the (Ҫ ҫ) is used in the Cyrillic alphabets of Bashkir and Chovash to represent /θ/ and /ɕ/, respectively.

It likewise represents the retroflex flap /ɽ/ in the Rohingya Latin alphabet.

Janalif uses this letter to represent the voiced postalveolar affricate /d͡ʒ/

Old Malay uses ç to correspond /dʒ/ and /ɲ/.

Reckoner [edit]

Character information

Preview	Ç		ç		Ꝣ		ꝣ
Unicode name	LATIN Uppercase Letter C WITH CEDILLA		LATIN Minor LETTER C WITH CEDILLA		LATIN Majuscule Letter of the alphabet VISIGOTHIC Z		LATIN SMALL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	december	hex
Unicode	199	U+00C7	231	U+00E7	42850	U+A762	42851	U+A763
UTF-8	195 135	C3 87	195 167	C3 A7	234 157 162	EA 9D A2	234 157 163	EA 9D A3
Numeric character reference	Ç	Ç	ç	ç	Ꝣ	Ꝣ	ꝣ	ꝣ
Named character reference	Ç		ç

Input [edit]

On Albanian, Belgian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish and Italian keyboards, Ç is directly available every bit a separate key; however, on most other keyboards, including the U.s. and British keyboard, a combination of keys must exist used:

• In the United states of america-International keyboard layout, these are ' followed by either C or ⇧ Shift+C. Alternatively i may press AltGr+, or AltGr+⇧ Shift+,.
• In classic Mac OS and macOS, these are ⌥ Opt+C and ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+C for lower- and capital letter, respectively.
• In the X Window Organization and many Unix consoles, one presses sequentially Compose, , and either C or ⇧ Shift+C. Alternatively, one may printing AltGr+= and so either C or ⇧ Shift+C.
• In Microsoft Windows, these are Alt+0 two 3 ane or Alt+1 three v for lowercase and Alt+0 ane ix 9 or Alt+i 2 8 for capital.
• In Microsoft Word, these are Ctrl+, and then either C or ⇧ Shift+C.
• The HTML character entity references are ç and Ç for lower- and uppercase, respectively.
• In TeX and LaTeX, \c is used for adding the cedilla emphasis to a letter, so \c{c} produces "ç".

See as well [edit]

• Ҹ

References [edit]

1. ^ The Académie Française online dictionary besides gives çà and çûdra.

Look up Ç  or ç in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

fordsuation1976.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87

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